If you’re trying to understand the key differences between Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), you’re not alone—these two commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in kids and teens often get mixed up due to their similarities, even though they can affect a child’s academic and social success differently.
Let me help clear up the confusion by breaking down what sets them apart and how each one can impact your child’s ability to reach their full potential.
What is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD isn't just about the lack of focus or inattention. It also involves hyperactivity and impulsive behavior as crucial components.
ADHD manifests in each child in various ways leading to frequent oversight. Some kids might grapple with executive function yet excel , while others could show more impulsive tendencies and emotional reactions.
As parents, we need to monitor our children's progress. Our goal should be to equip our kids and teens with the necessary skills to succeed.
What are the three major subtypes of ADHD?
- predominantly inattentive;
- predominantly hyperactive/impulsive; and
- a combination of both.
Some kids have trouble focusing, while others can hyperfocus on things they enjoy—I've seen this firsthand with siblings who both had ADHD but responded to stress in completely different ways. That’s why it’s so important to work with an ADHD specialist.
We use QEEG brain maps to see what’s really going on in the brain; it helps us make an accurate ADHD diagnosis. In fact, they’re 89% accurate compared to the 53% accuracy of typical rating scales.
What is ADD?
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is no longer listed in the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, many still see it as an ADHD subtype and is now known as inattentive ADHD.
ADD makes it hard to focus, follow directions, and stay organized, but it doesn’t involve being hyperactive or being impulsive. Though people often use ADD and ADHD interchangeably, the APA now classifies inattentive ADHD as one of three recognized types of ADHD.
Kids with inattentive ADHD often go unnoticed if they're smart or can cope in structured environments. I diagnosed a very bright 17-year-old with ADHD. We might have missed his struggles without a QEEG brain map during our intake process.
Kids with inattentive ADHD who seem like daydreamers might often forget their assignments or misplace things. During class, their thoughts may drift away from the lesson, drawn instead to whimsical ideas.
Staying focused and following instructions can be a real challenge for them every single day. This is why the school environment can sometimes feel like a frustrating place for them.
If they don’t get the support they need, these struggles can lead to misunderstandings, lost chances, and even feelings of self-doubt. Recognizing these issues early on and providing kind, understanding help can truly make a world of difference.
What are the symptoms of Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD?
Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD feels like an internal motor that keeps revving without brakes. Children and teens with this presentation often show behaviors that make them stand out from other ADHD types, including:
- Fidgeting or frequently squirming in their seat
- Difficulty sitting still
- Excessive running or climbing in inappropriate situations
- Restlessness and inability to engage in activities quietly
- Talking excessively and blurting out answers before questions are finished
- Interrupting conversations, games, or activities
- Difficulty waiting their turn
These behaviors can overlap with other ADHD types, but kids with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD constantly seek movement, action, and quick responses that make structured environments like school challenging for them.
What are the symptoms of Inattentive ADHD or ADD?
These are some of the typical symptoms that kids and teens with inattentive ADHD or ADD might experience:
- Difficulty concentrating on tasks or conversations
- Often makes careless mistakes
- Struggles with organization and managing time
- Tends to avoid tasks that require mental effort
- Frequently loses or misplaces important items
- Gets easily distracted
- Often forgets daily responsibilities
- Seems like they’re not listening when someone talks to them
- Has a hard time following through on instructions or assignments
I want to emphasize, however, that symptoms can manifest differently in each child, impacting academic performance, social interactions, and daily responsibilities.
What are the similarities between ADD and ADHD?
ADD and ADHD are usually confused with one another since they have a lot in common. The following are their similarities:
- Attention Difficulties: Both ADD and ADHD involve attention difficulties and executive functioning challenges, making it hard for children to stay focused, organized, or complete tasks.
- Brain Chemistry and Structure: Studies show that those with ADHD process dopamine and norepinephrine differently, which impacts focus and behavior (Del Campo et al., 2011). A QEEG brain map reveals distinct patterns between hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive types, and the good news that I want to share to everyone is that neurofeedback can help to improve focus, impulse control, and cognitive function.
- Onset: Symptoms often appear in early school years but may be missed in bright kids until later.
How do ADD and ADHD impact learning?
Executive functioning issues show up in every child with ADHD. These struggles often make completing school tasks a tough challenge.
- Focus and Concentration Challenges: Children and teens with ADD and ADHD find it hard to focus and plan.
- Organization and Time Management Struggles: Children with ADHD may need extra time for tasks. Using calendars or a reward system can be a big help.
- Impact on Memory and Recall: Attention is of great importance in memory. ADHD can make accessing memory-whether long-term, short-term, and working-a real problem.
- Difficulties with Reading and Writing: Tasks that require focus are more difficult for kids with ADHD. This can sometimes confuse them with learning disabilities.
What are the possible causes of ADD and ADHD?
Researchers continue to uncover all the pieces behind what causes ADD and ADHD but one thing is for sure—there’s no single reason. Instead, many factors play a role in both conditions.
- Genetics: ADHD and ADD often run in families, pointing to a strong genetic connection. If a parent or sibling has ADHD, the likelihood of inheriting it increases (Grimm et al., 2020), but it must be noted that genetics aren’t the only factor.
- Brain structure and function: Studies suggest differences in brain structure and function in people with ADHD. These variations affect areas responsible for attention, impulse control, and executive functions.
- Neurotransmitters: Imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine are also contributors. These regulate attention, motivation, and impulse control.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to alcohol, tobacco smoke, lead, or maternal stress during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD.
- Premature birth and low birth weight: Research links premature birth or low birth weight with a higher likelihood of ADHD symptoms, with lower birth weights showing greater effects (Momany et al., 2018).
- Brain injury or trauma: Traumatic brain injury, especially to areas governing attention and impulse control, can lead to ADHD-like symptoms (Adeyemo et al., 2014).
- Parenting and family factors: Parenting style doesn’t cause ADHD, but it can definitely influence how symptoms show up. Supportive parenting helps kids better manage their challenges while chaotic environments may make symptoms harder to handle.
- Diet and nutrition: While food doesn’t cause ADHD, some studies suggest that certain ingredients—like artificial dyes or preservatives—might make symptoms worse for some kids. Cutting these out has been shown to improve behavior in certain cases (Konikowska et al., 2012).
How do I support my child with ADD or ADHD in school?
Children with ADHD often need different support in school. They may particularly benefit from a 504 plan or an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
These plans aren’t just paperwork. They create real structure and give kids the space they need to learn in a way that fits them.
- Create an Inclusive Learning Environment: Some ADHD kids need hands-on tools like fidgets or visual schedules just to stay on task. A quiet spot or flexible seat can shift focus from chaos to calm real fast.
- Develop Strategies for Accommodating Learning Needs: Sometimes, one child might need more time for tests while another zones out unless they get hands-on stuff. Watch closely then tweak supports based on what actually helps that child stay engaged.
- Collaboration with Parents and Professionals: Teachers and parents need to stay in close communication to support the child's needs effectively. Regular check-ins and involving a counselor or learning specialist when needed can keep things on track.
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What are the natural solutions for ADD and ADHD?
While ADHD medications can help, many parents are still wary because of potential side effects in the long-run. That’s where natural, science-backed solutions step in as alternatives.
- Neurofeedback: This non-invasive treatment enhances focus, motivation, and impulse control by regulating brain activity. Studies show that it reduces distractibility, improving both school performance and social interactions with minimal side effects (Arns et al., 2014; Van Doren et al., 2018).
- Calm PEMF™: By using electromagnetic fields, Calm PEMF™ stabilizes brainwaves, improving attention and impulse control while complementing other ADHD treatments (Pawluk & Layne, 2017).
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps children with ADHD reframe negative thoughts, build coping strategies, and manage emotions and impulses. It fosters lasting improvements in emotional regulation and behavior (Van der Oord et al., 2011).
- Nutrition: A balanced diet with magnesium, omega-3s, and antioxidants supports brain health and can help manage ADHD. Magnesium supplements boost focus and memory, enhancing cognitive function (Konikowska et al., 2012).
- Exercise: Regular physical activity helps release excess energy, boosting the child's dopamine and serotonin levels. This promotes better mood, focus, emotional regulation, and even cognitive function (Archer & Kostrzewa, 2011).
- Sleep: There are many children with ADHD who face sleeping problems which worsen ADHD symptoms. Ensuring sufficient rest and optimal magnesium intake calm the nervous system and enhance focus (Kirov & Brand, 2014).
- Mindfulness techniques: Meditation improves focus and emotional regulation. Integrating mindfulness into a child’s routine has shown positive results in managing ADHD symptoms (Van der Oord et al., 2011).
- Support Groups: Support groups provide community for parents, connecting them with others who understand the challenges of raising a child with ADHD. They offer emotional support, coping strategies, and reduce isolation.
We’re here to support and guide families facing challenges like ADHD, executive functioning issues, learning disabilities, and mental health concerns. Remember, you’re not alone in this journey.
To learn more about how our programs can benefit your family, check out this ADHD case study. Together, we’ll help your child embrace this unique trait as a strength and unlock their full potential.
The BrainBehaviorResetTM Program is a personalized, science-based approach crafted to help kids with ADHD tap into their strengths and tailored to meet each child’s needs. This is the kind of roadmap that brings real change.
Parent Action Steps
☐ Familiarize yourself with the differences and similarities of ADD and ADHD.
☐ Consult with a qualified healthcare provider for an evaluation and diagnosis.
☐ Familiarize yourself with the common symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention.
☐ Recognize that ADHD has multiple potential causes.
☐ Explore various treatment options.
☐ Consider exploring comprehensive ADHD management programs.
☐ Take this ADHD Quiz to know if your kid has ADHD or something else.
☐ Get a personalized treatment approach for your child with our Solution Matcher.
Citations
Arns, M., Heinrich, H., & Strehl, U. (2014). Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD: The long and winding road. Biological Psychology, 95, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.013
Del Campo, N., Chamberlain, S. R., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2011). The Roles of Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 69(12), e145–e157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.036
Adeyemo, B. O., Biederman, J., Zafonte, R., Kagan, E., Spencer, T. J., Uchida, M., Kenworthy, T., Spencer, A. E., & Faraone, S. V. (2014). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18(7), 576–584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714543371
Archer, T., & Kostrzewa, R. M. (2011). Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory. Neurotoxicity Research, 21(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-011-9260-0
Grimm, O., Kranz, T. M., & Reif, A. (2020). Genetics of ADHD: What Should the Clinician Know? Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-1141-x
Kirov, R., & Brand, S. (2014). Sleep problems and their effect on ADHD. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 14(3), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.885382
Konikowska , K., Rozanska, D., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2012). The influence of components of diet on the symptoms of ADHD in children. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 63(2). https://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-de6c7519-5417-4e0c-8d19-8cff4e095b75
Momany, A. M., Kamradt, J. M., & Nikolas, M. A. (2018). A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Birth Weight and Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(7), 1409–1426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0371-9
Pawluk, W., & Layne, C. (2017). Power Tools for Health: How pulsed magnetic fields (PEMFs) help you. FriesenPress.
Van der Oord, S., Bögels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2011). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training for Children with ADHD and Mindful Parenting for their Parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(1), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9457-0
Van Doren, J., Arns, M., Heinrich, H., Vollebregt, M. A., Strehl, U., & K. Loo, S. (2018). Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(3), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1121-4
Always remember… “Calm Brain, Happy Family™”
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to give health advice and it is recommended to consult with a physician before beginning any new wellness regime. *The effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment vary by patient and condition. Dr. Roseann Capanna-Hodge, LLC does not guarantee certain results.
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